Gramsci, Antonio
Person
Dates 1891-1937
Country ITALY
Author of 468 resources
is subject of 1770 resources
1891-1937 // Filosofo, studioso di antropologia e tradizioni popolari, critico letterario e teatrale, membro fondatore di Ordine nuovo, giornalista, deputato comunista
Birth Ales Sardinia Italy, 22-01-1891 Death Rome Italy, 27-04-1937 Pseudonym Antonio Francesco Gramsci
Forename Antonio Francesco Gramsci
Antonio Francesco Gramsci (UK: /ˈɡræmʃi/ GRAM-shee, US: /ˈɡrɑːmʃi/ GRAHM-shee, Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo franˈtʃesko ˈɡramʃi]; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher, journalist, linguist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, political theory, sociology, history, and linguistics. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Italian Communist Party. [...] A vocal critic of Benito Mussolini and fascism, he was imprisoned in 1926 where he remained until his death in 1937. Gramsci wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis during his imprisonment. His Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th-century political theory. Gramsci drew insights from varying sources – not only other Marxists but also thinkers such as Niccolò Machiavelli, Vilfredo Pareto, Georges Sorel, and Benedetto Croce. The notebooks cover a wide range of topics, including Italian history and nationalism, the French Revolution, fascism, Taylorism and Fordism, civil society, folklore, religion and high and popular culture. Gramsci is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how the state and ruling capitalist class – the bourgeoisie – use cultural institutions to maintain power in capitalist societies. The bourgeoisie, in Gramsci's view, develops a hegemonic culture using ideology, rather than violence, economic force, or coercion. Hegemonic culture propagates its own values and norms so that they become the "common sense" values of all and thus maintain the status quo. Cultural hegemony is therefore used to maintain consent to the capitalist order, rather than the use of force to maintain order. This cultural hegemony is produced and reproduced by the dominant class through the institutions that form the superstructure. Gramsci also attempted to break from the economic determinism of traditional Marxist thought, and so is sometimes described as a neo-Marxist. He held a humanistic understanding of Marxism, seeing it as a "philosophy of praxis" and an "absolute historicism" that transcends traditional materialism and traditional idealism.
Archivio biografico italiano. A cura di Tommaso Nappo. Munchen etc., K.G. Saur, 1987-1996. (MICROFICHES)
Asor Rosa, Alberto, Dizionario della letteratura italiana del Novecento. Torino, Einaudi, 1992
Dizionario biografico degli italiani. Roma, Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 1960-
Bibliografia nazionale italiana: nuova serie del bollettino delle pubblicazioni italiane ricevute per diritto di stampa a cura della Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze. A. 1, n. 1 (gen. 1958)- Firenze, Centro nazionale per il catalogo unico delle biblioteche italiane e per le informazioni bibliografiche, 1958- (CDROM
